ACTIVITY 3 -Bonding of atoms

Describe covalent and ionic bonding?

Covalent bonding is the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, and other covalent bonds.

Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bond that involves a metal and a nonmetal ion (or polyatomic ions such as ammonium) through electrostatic attraction.

What is electronegativity? Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. How much an atom wants or desires electrons (the higher the number the more electrons it wants). Ex. K - 0.8 and Br - 2.8 because Br wants more it becomes negatively charged (Anion) and K becomes positively charged (Caron) because there is a shifting of electrons.

• No electronegativity difference between two atoms leads to a pure non-polar covalent bond.
• A small electronegativity difference leads to a polar covalent bond.
• A large electronegativity difference leads to an ionic bond.

List the electronegativity values for H, Na, Cl, and O.

H - 2.1

Na - 0.9

Cl - 3.0

O - 3.5